Le Chene Et Le Roseau Essays - La Fontaines Fables, Aesops Fables

Le Chene Et Le Roseau Analysis of ?Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau? ?Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau,? a poem by Jean de La Fontaine, shows the contrast of the characters while moralizing about hidden strengths that are often overlooked or belittled. In this poem, the oak is personified as having a stubborn sense of strength, while the humble reed is represented as possessing the qualities of endurance, flexibility, and hidden strength. Fontaine teaches the reader his lesson through the use of nature by having the oak and the reed converse about their strengths. In the end the reed proves his point when the north wind uproots the oak, leaving it to die. The theme of ?Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau? is a universal one, easily recognized and understood by all. The poem's central idea is that strength is not necessarily size and power, but in adaptability, endurance, and flexibility. Fontaine illustrates the theme well in these lines: ?L'arbre tient bon; le roseau plie. Le vent redouble ses efforts, et fait si bien qu'il d?racine celui...? The poet further develops the theme with a moral which implies that humility is more important than pride. Fontaine places most emphasis on idea to help develop this moral. In the end, the pompous oak's strength is his weakness, while the humble reed's suppleness is his fortitude. Jean de La Fontaine develops well the poem's mood, one of pity, compassion, and respect, through sensory images and descriptions of the characters. These lines: ?Un roitelet pour vous est un pesant fardeau; ? and ?Le moindre vent qui d'aventure fait rider la face de l'eau, vous oblige ? baisser la t?te; ?, as well as ?La nature vous me semble bien injuste.? illustrate the sentimental atmosphere of pity that the reader feels for the reed's struggle against relatively small difficulties. Although Fontaine succeeds in creating this sympathetic mood, this line: ?Vous avez bien sujet d'accuser la nature; ? detracts from the intended mood because one does not feel sorry for someone that accuses and complains. Jean de La Fontaine uses examples of personification, imagery, similes, allusions, and symbolism to create a deeper meaning of the poem and to the emphasize the theme. ?Le ch?ne un jour dit au roseau:? is an example of personification that Fontaine uses throughout the poem. He personifies the oak and the reed as humans having a conversation. These lines: ?Le moindre vent qui d'aventure fait rider la face de l'eau, vous oblige ? baisser la t?te; ? show imagery and personification. The image that Fontaine creates, the rippling of the water, is one that the reader can visualize, while the lowering of the head represents a person bowing his head. This line: ?Cependant que mon front, au Caucase pareil,? contains a simile and an allusion. The simile is the comparison of the forehead to the Caucasus Mountains, while the allusion is the Greek mythology's Caucasus Mountains, which represent strength, fortitude, and perhaps danger. ?Des royaumes du vent? is an allusion to the kingdom of the Gr eek wind god Aeolus who usually stirred up strong winds. ?L'empire des morts? is also an allusion to the kingdom of Hades, which was the Greek underworld, representing the death of the oak. This poem expresses irony when the reed is troubled by simple burdens, but the reed is able to withstand difficult predicaments. The oak is symbolized as power, pride, and a false sense of strength, while the reed represents endurance, flexibility, and strength from within. Moreover, the wind is pictured as hardships, challenges, and tests. Fontaine uses logical sequence in developing the characters of the oak and the reed. At first, the reader only sees them as trees, but he soon learns through the oak that the reed appears weak and defenseless, and that the strong oak wishes to shelter and protect the reed. The reader next learns that the reed is confident and not afraid of impending dangers, because he bends and does not break. Then the terrible winds come and uproot the oak, while the small reed survives. Thus, the reader understands that size is not as important as flexibility. Fontaine writes ?Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau? as a narrative, didactic, and descriptive poem with an irregular number of syllables.

egg drop Research Paper Example

egg drop Research Paper Example egg drop Paper egg drop Paper egg drop BY alan725 Egg Drop Project There were five forces that where acting on my container there where gravity, inertia, air resistance, shock, and impact. The contraption is trying to lessen the gravity for it would be so light weight that it will glide on the wind and not hit the floor so hard. And it is trying to alter the air resistance force so like I said to try to glide on the wind. Some of the feature of the container was the square block so no matter where it hit it would have the same amount of stuffing. The dimensions of the box where 6 for the height, 6 for the width, and 6 for length. The container serves to lessen or alter the effect of the force by being square so even padding and lightweight were it wont hit the ground too hard. Newtons first law was an object in motion will continue moving unless something stops it from moving. That law relates to my project by saying my contraption will stay in motion till it hit the ground. Newtons second law was heavier the object the more force it takes to move and lighter objects require less force too move. The force in which the egg hits the ground will equal the mass of the egg. Newtons third law is for every action of force there is an equal and opposite reaction f force. While moving downwards, the force of gravity is pulling the egg down. However, when the force is acting on the opposite direction too thats due to air resistance. Some improvements that I could of have been made on my contraption would be to add some support on my contraption because with it fell my contraption bend and could of broke the egg. Another adjustment that could have been made should be to have had some padding in the side in case the contraption would have fallen on a corner. I tested the contraption 4 times my first contraption ended with a racked egg because had no support so instead of Just bubble wrap I got a small plastic bag and put packing peanuts and bubble wrap. So I tried it again with the new way and cracked so I had my dad help fgure out why it was because it needed like and outer shell to help it and that is when the cardboard box came and helped us. So I tried with the box and it broke and we figured out why. It was because the box fell and hit the corner so we added padding in all the side so no matter what side it hit it would be protected. So the last time we tested the contraption it worked.

Difference Between Sawfly Larva and Caterpillar

Difference Between Sawfly Larva and Caterpillar Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths, which belong to the order Lepidoptera. Many caterpillars, while they do feed on leaves and plants, are considered desirable because, of course, they metamorphose into beautiful monarch butterflies, painted lady moths, and other decorative species. Sawfly larvae look similar to caterpillars, but are an entirely different kind of insect. Sawflies are related to bees and wasps, and belong to the order Hymenoptera. Like caterpillars, sawfly larvae usually feed on plant foliage, but unlike most caterpillars sawfly larvae can quickly destroy a rose garden or defoliate an entire tree. What Are Sawflies? Sawflies are flying insects that live all over the world. There are more than 8,000 species of sawflies, so called  because of the saw-like appearance of the female ovipositor, an organ used to deposit eggs in plant stems or leaves. While sawflies are related to stinging insects, they themselves do not sting. They feed on pollen and nectar, making them harmless to both people and plants. Sawfly eggs hatch into larvae which go through eight stages of growth. Typically, the larvae cluster together and are capable of eating an enormous amount of plant matter in a very short time. While sawflies are food for many animals in the wild, in cultivated areas they can be hard to manage. Sawfly management usually involves the use of chemical sprays. Sprays that work against caterpillars, however, are often ineffective against sawfly larvae. In addition, chemical sprays dont prevent sawflies from depositing their larvae. Chemical sprays should only be used when larvae are actually present. How Can You Tell Sawfly Larvae From Caterpillars? Caterpillars may have up to five pairs of abdominal prolegs (tiny limbs) but never have more than five pairs. Sawfly larvae will have six or more pairs of abdominal prolegs.  Ã‚  There are, of course, exceptions to every rule. Caterpillars of the family Megalopygidae, the flannel moths,  are  unusual in having 7 pairs of prolegs (2 more pairs than any other Lepidopteran larvae). Some sawfly larvae are stem borers or leaf miners; these larvae may have no prolegs at all. Another notable difference, though it requires a closer look, is that caterpillars have tiny hooks called crochets, on the ends of their prolegs. Sawflies do not have crochets. Another, less obvious difference between caterpillars and sawfly larvae is the number of eyes. Caterpillars almost always have 12 stemmata, six on each side of the head. Sawfly larvae usually have just a single pair of stemmata. If You Have Sawflies If you have identified sawfly larvae on your trees, flowers, or foliage you may be able to simply remove them manually. If there are too many, youll probably need to spray. Choose your pesticide carefully or consult a professional: quite a few common pesticides (such as the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis) work only on Lepidopteran larvae, and will not affect sawfly larvae. Before you apply any pesticide for a caterpillar problem, be sure to count the prolegs and identify your pest correctly.

Workplacement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Workplacement - Research Paper Example This phase is seen as the initial step towards career development (Billett, 2009). Considering the fact that work placements provide an avenue for the learners' to get a sense of what they will be facing in the future absent the threat of dismissal or unemployment and with the added incentive of learning for education's sake, work placements appear to be mechanisms aimed at ascertaining the well-being of the students (Neill and Mulholland, 2003). 1.b. Aims of the Report This report aims to: illustrate how students who undertake work placements perform under a setting wherein they are able to put theory into practice show how work placement is able to provide the students with a sense of awareness of the existent culture in their chosen field provide the readers with a glimpse as to how work placement may be considered as a preliminary step in entering the world of work; and, discuss work placement from the point of view of a student undertaking such with concrete and in-depth views o n the matter as to its perceived benefits and possible detriments. 2.a. Researching the Report / The Evidence Base Researching the report has been a challenging task. A lot of works have been written about work placement and there have been several opinions available through the internet. Prior to my engagement, I have done research and read on work placement. I wanted to prepare myself as to what to expect during the conduct of the work placement and what I should bring in order to become an asset to the organization that I will become a part of. Garavan, Hogan and Cahir-O’Donnell (2003) considered learning as a process brought about by the development of a series of actions and events. That is, learning is not to be confused or considered as an outcome of these... Researching the report has been a challenging task. A lot of works have been written about work placement and there have been several opinions available through the internet. Prior to my engagement, I have done research and read on work placement. I wanted to prepare myself as to what to expect during the conduct of the work placement and what I should bring in order to become an asset to the organization that I will become a part of. Garavan, Hogan, and Cahir-O’Donnell (2003) considered learning as a process brought about by the development of a series of actions and events. That is, learning is not to be confused or considered as an outcome of these developments (Garavan, Hogan and Cahir-O’Donnell, 2003). Furthermore, Garavan, Hogan, and Cahir-O’Donnell (2003) maintained that as a process, learning encompasses the following principles: ï‚ § that learning is not just about knowledge as it also about values, beliefs, insights, attitudes, habits, feeling, shared awareness, shared understandings, and skills; ï‚ § that learning outcomes should not be construed as a singular momentous event but rather as an incremental and gradual transformation; ï‚ § that learning as a process is a struggle which necessarily entails conflicts often concerning aims and outcomes; ï‚ § that learning is essentially individual but may likewise be collective in instances where the experience is shared; ï‚ § that there is no singular pattern or behavior in learning; ï‚ § that in order to learn, skills such as questioning, listening, challenging and enquiring are necessary;

The Lacey Township Power Plant Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Lacey Township Power Plant Problem - Essay Example As the paper discusses the Radiation and Public Health Project highlighted this in 2001 when it found substantial increases in radioactive contamination of the local area. Further study indicated a marked increase in a wide variety of cancers especially in children and elderly people. This compares to a decrease in like cancers in the vicinity of eight similar reactors which have been closed since 1987. This essay declares that along with an immediate threat to public health are the problems associated with the disposal of the spent nuclear material. Currently the four nuclear power sites in New Jersey are storing over 1600 tons of radioactive waste. With aging facilities, dwindling financial resources, and diverted political priorities there is no clear plan that the public will be adequately safeguarded from future disaster. This material is a constant threat to the area from accidental leakage, mismanagement, or even a terrorist act. The jeopardy that the reactor poses is not just limited to the local area. Neighboring residents are also at risk. The mayor of Brick Township, New Jersey, has filed a petition with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requesting the Oyster Creek site be allowed to remain open only if it met the current standards of a new reactor. The mayor's concerns are brought about by the dramatic increase in population since the reactor's inception. Evacuation plan s with the existing infrastructure would be unrealistic and would likely create mass chaos.

Illustrate to audiences Essay Example for Free

Illustrate to audiences Essay This is the scene in which the confrontation between Maggie and Hobson in takes place in the living room. Prior to this scene Maggie has informed Hobson that she is Going to marry Willie. Hobson does not want Maggie to get married but he doesnt mind Vickey and Alice getting married because they are of less use around the shop and home. Hobson does not want Maggie to get a husband because he is selfish. Maggie is the daughter that is the most businesslike and helps him with the shop regularly. If Maggie were to marry, Hobson would have to do some proper work in the shop. This scene starts with Maggie speaking to Hobson saying You and lull be straight with one another, father. Im not a fool and youre not a fool, and things may as well be put in their places as left untidy. Here Maggie is very direct in speaking and this is signposting to the audience that there is going to be a confrontation.  Hobson replies with indignation by saying You cant have Willie Mossop. Why, lass, his father was a workhouse brat. This is an example of the class differences again as Hobson is a shopkeeper and Willie is one of the working class. Willie had come from a poor background and the penniless poor like his father were taken to these workhouses and put to use. To this Maggie replies Its news to me were snobs in Salford. This line would have been humorous to audiences of the past and present because Salford has always been a working town. Hobson is here concerned about his image within the community and about what his friends will think of him in the Moonrakers. Hobson illustrates these thoughts when he says Id be the laughing-stock of the place if I allowed it. I wont have it, Maggie. Hobson then tries to justify his stance by adding Its hardly decent at your time of life. One aspect in which audiences of the past would react differently to audiences of the present is when Hobson says Its hardly decent at your time of life (Maggie is only 30). However, at the time this book was written people married an awful lot younger, mainly because the average life expectancy back then was a lot younger. Whereas in our days people marry at this age and older still. Therefore, audiences of past and present would react differently. An audience of the past may have thought this comment was amusing, however, an audience of the present may not think it was such a big deal and may also look on it from Maggies point of view as a demoralizing comment. However, Hobsons selfish snobbish ways would make audiences of both past and present want Maggie to marry Willie just to spite Hobson for his pathetic behaviour. An audience of the past would have found Maggies next line And now Ill tell you my terms amusing because it is an example of role reversal because in those days the man was the master and was in charge and he was the one who laid down the terms and rules.  Maggie then goes on to state her terms, telling her father how much she believes her and Willie should be paid. To this Hobson replies, Do you think Im made of brass? brass is colloquialism for money. This line would have been amusing to an audience of the past because this is how the people in the streets in that area spoke like and they would be able to associate to it. A present audience may also have found this line amusing, however, some may not have understood it. Hobson tries to reassert his authority by shouting Ill show you what I propose, Maggie. He then lifts up the trap door and shouts Will Mossop! He then unbuckles his belt and says to Maggie I cannot leather you, my lass. Youre female, and exempt, but I can leather him. Audiences of the present would be quite shocked by this behaviour as it is not a part of modern, civilized society any more. Such violence is frowned upon in our day. However, in the past, audiences would have been familiar with the term a good leathering, it would have been a regular occurrence. Therefore, they may have found this amusing rather than shocking. Hobson continues to try to assert his authority when he says to Willie Youve fallen on misfortune. Loves led you astray. He then says, I dont bear Malice, but we must beat the love from your body. However, this backfires on Hobson when Willie says Youll not beat love in me. Audiences of the past would have enjoyed this repliance because it is the little man against the boss and in those days the boss had all authority. Willie goes on to aggravate Hobson even more when he says Im none wanting thy Maggie, its her thats after me, but Ill tell you this, Mr Hobson: If you touch me with that belt, Ill take her quick, aye, and stick to her like glue. Again, audiences of the past would have enjoyed this because it is the little man against the all-powerful boss. Present audiences would have enjoyed this too because it would have illustrated Willies determination and independence. After being struck with the belt by Hobson for his remarks, Willie then says to Maggie out of rage Ive none kissed you yet. I shirked before. But, by gum, Ill kiss you now. He then kisses Maggie, not with passion but with temper. Audiences of past and present would have enjoyed this part because it is a bit of romantic comedy and Willie is standing up to Hobson, who doesnt know what to do next. Also, from this scene, audiences of past and present would have observed that Maggie and Willie are sensible, practical and have a mature way of thinking. These characters would make Hobsons anti-social behaviour more noticeable to the audiences. Finally, carrying on in his new found self-confidence, Willie adds And if Mr Hobson raises up that strap again, Ill do more. Ill walk straight out of shop with thee and us two ull set up for ourselves. Audiences of the past and present would have enjoyed this scene because not only is Hobson shocked by what Willie has said (Hobson stands in amazed indecision) but Willie is also shocked by the confidence he showed when he stood up to Hobson. Scene Four  The final section of the play I will examine is Act Three, pages 44 47.  This section follows on from a scene in which Hobson, drunk from a night in the Moonrakers, fell down a pub cellar and woke up to find he had received a fine for trespassing. Upon this charge Hobson goes to Maggies house on her wedding day, in the hope of some help from her.  In this section the roles of Maggie and Hobson are totally reversed. In this scene, Maggie is instead the one who is in charge, while Hobson has to take a more reserved, subservient stance; as he feels that his future is in her hands. This scene begins with a knock on the door and Hobson shouting Are you in, Maggie? Vickey, Maggies sister proclaims, Its father! in a terrified voice. Albert, who is Vickeys fianc, then adds Oh, Lord, whereas Maggie simply says, Whats the matter? Are you afraid of him? This would inform the audience that there may be a confrontational moment ahead.  Maggie soon takes charge of the situation by telling everybody, except Willie to go into the bedroom and that shell shout them before hes gone. To this order Vickey then says But we dont want-, to which Maggie interrupts Is this your house or mine? and Vickey answers, Its your cellar. Maggie then replies by saying And Im in charge of it. Both audiences of the past and of the present would have found Vickeys line amusing where she gets back at Maggie by illustrating the stark contrast of a house to a cellar. They also would have been amused by the fact that Maggie reasserts herself (Im in charge of it) although she says to Willie youre gaffer here whilst ordering him to sit down. Hobson is then invited in by Willie, who is now in the role of the master of the house. Audiences of the past and the present would have found it amusing when Maggie says, You can sit down for five minutes, father. That sofa ull bear your weight. This line would also illustrate to audiences that Maggie is not threatened by Hobson and makes light of his arrival.  Maggie again shows that she is in charge when Willie says to Hobson A piece of pork pie and Hobson replies groaningly Pork pie! To this reply, Maggie pulls Hobson up sharply by saying Youll be sociable now youre here, I hope. Audiences of the past would have appreciated this amusing line because Maggie is pulling her father up sharp and she is in control in a commanding authority. Maggies authority is further displayed when she says to Hobson Happen a piece of wedding cake ull do you good. Eating the cake Hobson shudders saying Its sweet to which Maggie replies Thats natural in cake. Audiences of the past and present would have found this humorous because Hobson enjoys a drink, and being an alcoholic he cannot tolerate sweet things. This is made even more amusing when Maggie pushes the cake towards him and says, Then theres your cake, and you can eat it, to which Hobson pushes the cake away but Maggie pushes it back again, giving Hobson no choice but to eat it, to which Hobson replies Youre a hard woman as he eats the cake and, as illustrated in the film Maggie watches over him as he eats it. This scene where Maggie forces Hobson to eat the cake would have been amusing to audiences past and present as well as viewed as something significant to all audiences as Maggie has already said Ive a wish to see my father sitting at my table eating my wedding cake on my wedding-day. Conclusion Harold Brighouses play Hobsons Choice is a valuable document of what English society was like in 1915 (when it was written) and 1880 (when it takes place). I believe the play provides us with an important and useful insight to what society was like in those days in Britain as it provides us with an insight into the varying classes of people, how they were treated and their attitudes towards others. In Hobsons Choice, Maggie, the daughter of Hobson, marries against her fathers wishes much to Hobsons discomfort and dismay. There are similar themes such as this in modern society today, which are in some ways related to this theme illustrated in Hobsons Choice. For example, members of families sometimes run away from home in the hope of being with someone who they would otherwise not be able to be with under their parents influence, or to simply escape from a home in which they feel much discomfort in. Also, just like in Hobsons Choice, children in modern society today marry against their parents wishes in order to be with someone. I think audiences of the past and the present would have reacted similar and would have found the play humorous as it shows the underdog or the person who had nothing, Willie winning against someone who had everything, a shop owner and a pillar of society, Hobson. In Hobsons Choice, Willie was a member of the poorer people and it was obvious that there was a barrier between him, who worked in a cellar, and those such as Hobson who owned the shop. However, today this barrier between the rich and the poor still exists more than ever, so it is clear that some things havent changed. I personally enjoyed Hobsons Choice as I found it amusing throughout and it was an interesting and enjoyable story the way it illustrated what Salford was like in those days and how people were treated according to their class. My favourite parts of the story were probably when Willie stood up to Hobson under Maggies watchful eye and walked out of the shop with her, much to Hobsons amazement, and when Maggie told Willie that he was the man for her and he sat down complete shock and amazement. If I was in the audience I would have enjoyed these parts because they are some of the most amusing parts of the play, mainly because of the way Willie acts. For example, it is amusing when Willie is shocked by the prospect of marriage and he sits down mopping his brow and says in a shocked voice, Im feeling queer-like this is highly amusing as the poor man is taken back. In the play Maggie comes across as the strongest character and somebody whom feminists within todays society would be able to identify. Although in the era when the play set Maggie would have been a very unusual character. The character I would be most sympathetic with in the play would be Willie. This is because he is controlled throughout the play and he was the one who seemed to receive the most punishment, such as when Hobson tries to strike him with a belt for taking up with Maggie, even though he did not do the taking up. However, he would be the character I admire the most because of the way he didnt give under the pressure of Hobson and stuck by Maggie.

Mardi Gras :: essays research papers

The smell of stale beer in the air, loud music everywhere, people shouting and laughing having a good ‘ole time is what carnival, better known as Mashumani is like in Guyana. When it’s Mardi Gras in New Orleans, however, broken beads and trash are all over the ground, and everywhere one looks he/she sees someone taking off some type of clothing for some beads. Unlike in New Orleans people in Guyana know how to have fun with out taking off their clothes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am a native of Guyana, South America, and this is my first time observing Mardi Gras in person. I had heard of the things people do for the objects and trinkets that the masked riders throw off the floats, which is a major aspect that distinguishes Mardi Gras in New Orleans from carnival in Guyana. Guyanese people do not take off their clothes for a string of pearl, or a coconut. Carnival in Guyana is a one-day event, celebrating Guyana’s independence from the British. On this day people dress in bright colorful costumes and dance in the street. I remember the first time I went to the carnival. I was about seven years old when my mom took the whole family to watch the parades. I saw the brightly colored costumes, as well as everyone’s body and face covered with glitter. I heard the sweet sounds of the steelband playing and people everywhere dancing in the street. The smell of sweat was in the air as everyone bunched up together to see the floats in all their brilliant glory. I can also recall the taste of sweet syrup as I licked it off the snowcone I was eating. Mardi Gras in New Orleans, however, was a whole new experience for me. On Fat Tuesday I woke up early so I could go to Canal and St Charles Street to watch the parades. The smell of trash filled the air. Thousands of people everywhere. Broken beads, empty beer cups, and cans littered the ground. Some people had many colorful beads around their necks. People were laughing and dancing to the beats of the school bands as they passed along. When the floats got into view, I heard women saying, â€Å"throw me something mister,† and I saw them lifting up their shirts and showing their breasts for pearls, beads, a coconut, or a spear. I couldn’t believe my eyes when I witnessed women and even men showing their goods for some colorful beads.

AHIMA Code of Ethics Critique

The AHIMA Code of Ethics is extremely necessary because of the following reasons: First of all, it sorts out the ethical characteristics on which the â€Å"Health Information Management† is based upon (American.., 2004).Second, it focused on the major points of the wide-ranging ethical standards that reflects the profession’s core ideals, as well as, establish an assortment of well-mannered values to be employed as a guiding light in coming up with decisions and actions called for by the occurrence of critical situations (American.., 2004).  Third, it lends a hand to â€Å"Health Information Management† professional identify indispensable discussions or reflections in instances where tasks conflict or when hesitations based on ethics exhibits itself (American.., 2004).Fourth, it serves as a code of behavior for the â€Å"Health Information Management† professional to be held liable and accountable if it’s called for by the people or the public (Am erican.., 2004).Fifth, it plays the role of getting together practitioners who are not familiar to the â€Å"mission, values, as well as, ethical principles† of the â€Å"Health Information Management† (American.., 2004).Last but not least, it is for the purpose of the â€Å"Health Information Management† professional to personally weigh up himself or herself in a condition wherein, he or she feels that he may have engaged in an immoral or shameful or dishonorable act (American.., 2004).Strengths of the Code of EthicsThere are several strengths of the Code of Ethics, however, the best strength is that it motivates members to act in a manner that is moral, right, and extremely honorable (American.., 2004).   Members will not dare violate any of the rules simply because they know there will be terrible consequences they have to face (American.., 2004).The censure, probation, suspension, and especially termination from the profession which are the consequences me ntioned in the Code of Ethics play a large role in the individual’s or member’s behavior (American.., 2004).How the Individual’s Professional Conduct is GuidedAn individual is guided by the code of ethics by clearly defining his or her responsibilities (American.., 2004).   Through this they will be motivated to uphold the principles which were stated in the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).Furthermore, through the Code of Ethics, an individual will be inspired to exhibit proper conduct (American.., 2004). Moreover, an individual will also compete with others in the organization but will do so in a manner that is fair and healthy simply because he or she will be guided by the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).In addition to that, the Code of Ethics will guide the individual to avoid the incidence of exploitation of professional relationships (American.., 2004). Also, the Code of Ethics will play a large role in respecting and trusting their colleagues (Americ an.., 2004).How I Can Use the Code of Ethics in My Professional Life (Health Information Management)There are several ways on how I can utilize the Code of Ethics in my professional life and some of these applications entail the following situations: by not discriminating a person based on race/ethnicity;By not assigning codes without consulting or requesting for the physician’s documentation; by not prohibiting the patient to look into his/her own complete medical record in spite of a written request provided by the individual (American Health.., 1999).ReferencesAmerican Health Information Management Association. (2004). American HealthInformation Management Association Code of Ethics.Retrieved November 26, 2007 fromhttp://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_024277.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_024277American Health Information Management Association. (1999). Code of Ethics and By-Laws. Journal of AHIMA, 70 (1), 11 – 17.

Ray Rice’s Amazing Story

Ray has learned more and more about his father, Calvin Reed. Janet has a color snapshot, which serves as the only means by which Ray knows what his father looked like.There are stories In which he has learned that he was a respectable man 1 OF3 wltn a respectaDle D I nese tnlngs are comTortlng to Ray Decause tne reason ne never got to know his father is extremely uncomfortable. In the summer of 1988, a car rolled past Reed as he was walking home from work. Shots were fired and Reed died there on the sidewalk. Three years later, when the gunman was convicted and sent to prison, it was revealed that Reed wasnt the target. He was Just in the wrong place at the wrong time. â€Å"Sometimes you wonder what it would be like to have your real dad,† Ray said.Just for a walk in the park or Just recapping our lives. That's the part that makes me think. â€Å"00A few years later, Rice's aunt died of brain cancer at 37 years old. Her son, Shaun Rice-Nichols, moved up three floors in their apartment complex to live with Janet and Ray. 00Treated like a son by Janet, Shaun was a father fgure to Ray, who was 10 years younger. They did everything together, from Ray's favorite (playing sports), to Shaun's favorite (rapping in front of the mirror). Shaun was an up-and- coming rap artist known as S. U. P. E. , which stood for Spiritually Uplifting People Everywhere.He sang about inspiring people and guiding them in the right direction despite their tough surroundings. Shaun would always tell Ray to go for his dreams, to pursue them with extreme passion. After all, Shaun was proof that even a kid from the projects could make it. 00At about 21 years old, Shaun signed his first record deal and moved with his fianc ©e and two young daughters to California to pursue his music career. 00†³He was the one in the family where if he wanted something he went after it and he got it,† Ray said. â€Å"He was the first one the family was really proud of. 0 0But Shaun's dream s ended on a road in California on March 21, 1998.That's when a driver, swerving to avoid another car during the early hours of St. Patrick's Day, plowed into Shaun's compact car. His fianc ©e died on the scene, and Shaun passed away four days later. â€Å"That was rough, really rough. But I believe today he's still here,† Ray said. â€Å"My family is different. When he died, in a sense some of my family died. Everybody Just changed for a little bit. â€Å"00Just 1 1 years old at the time, Ray didn't change. He Just became even more obsessive about continuing the mission that Shaun began for his family, he says. 00Ray still carries Shaun close to him at all times.He has Shaun's name, S. U. P. E. , tattooed on his right biceps and he carries his memories of him onto the football field. â€Å"I'm in his place now,† Ray said. â€Å"l made it to the NFL, but that's not enough. It's about my family and I'm trying to gel everyone believe in my dream and I chase my dream like S. U. P. E. chased his dream. He didn't get a chance to finish his dream. I want to finish my dream. One day after football practice during his 1 lth grade season, Ray stared out of the partment window as his mother ran him a hot bath, pouring in Epsom salt to ease his sore muscles. Ma, I'm going to the league,† Ray said. â€Å"I've got to make it to the league. I'll be glad when I can tell you, You don't have to work no more. ‘† Janet lived her whole life in The Hollow. She sometimes worked two Jobs trying to make ends meet while doing her best to spoil Rice and his three younger siblings. Besides the time she spends doting on her own kids, she has dedicated her career to teaching special needs children, a calling that shows her heart is bigger than the 4-foot-11 body it lives in. Ray decided early on in life that his mother needed help.And since then, a large part of his mission has been to use his passion of football to give her a different life. Ray was a two-sport star at New Rochelle High School. He played point guara Tor nls DasKetDall team, lea01ng tnem to tne state Tlnals In 2 football field, he scored 31 touchdowns as a senior and was named to the Madison Square Garden's All-Heisman team. Ray then became a college football legend in the New York-New Jersey area, rejuvenating Rutgers' football program and leading the team to a miraculous upset win over previously-undefeated Louisville in 2007.Right before being interviewed by ESPN on national television that night, with the cameras rolling, Rice stopped and called out, â€Å"Where's my mother? † He was worried about her being trampled by the students streaming onto the field. Despite her son being drafted, nearly leading the NFL in total yardage last year and being named to the Pro Bowl in Just his second season, those words on ESPN serve as Janet's favorite football memory for the sheer fact that it shows how much her son cares about her. Ray and Janet still talk on th e phone every single morning at around 6 a. m. while Janet is cooking breakfast for her children.They talk about everything, from football to girls. â€Å"I'm more than Just his mother,† Janet said. â€Å"I'm his best friend. We laugh, we giggle. We have so much fun together. † In large part, Ray's success has already allowed him to take care of his family. His mother drives a new Lexus and now lives in a safe, waterfront property Just about 15 minutes from their old apartment. But Janet still goes to her Job at school, still caring for special needs children. â€Å"I've got one more phase left,† Ray said. â€Å"It will be her choice whether she wants to work. I want her to fulfill what she wasn't able to Just raising us. I want her to enjoy herself.

Free sample - Dealing with issues of Death and Grief. translation missing

Dealing with issues of Death and Grief. Dealing with issues of Death and GriefAbstract Diagnosis of a terminal illness in one of the family members can prove to be a very traumatic experience and eventually call for care to be given to the patient. This can be done either by the family members or caregivers at home, or by nurses in the hospital wards and hospices. It can be concluded that nurses and caregivers play significant role in the dispensation of palliative care to terminally ill patients as this is their primary role as compared with family members and relatives who may have to juggle between more than one activity and responsibility. Grief usually clouds a family member when they are given the news that one of their members has been diagnosed with a terminal illness, and thus they have a given time to live. Grief is defined as the emotional or affective process of reacting to the loss of a loved one through death. The focus is on the internal psychology of the individual. Common grief reactions include components such as numbness and disbelief, anxiety sympto ms of depression that accompany mourning and recovery at the end of everything. Reactions can be seen as abnormal, resulting from trauma, pathologic and complicated. A sudden and unexpected death of a loved one results to a more difficult grief as opposed to a death that was expected for instance a person who has been sick for a very long time (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). Matters are worsened to know that the patient will undergo pain and suffering during their last times on earth and there is nothing that can be done about it but to try and reduce the pain by giving palliative care. Palliative care can be given by family members at home or the patient can be admitted into a hospice and taken care of by nurses and professional caregivers. Services of professional counselors are also employed to counsel and give assurance to the patients and family members alike. This is important as it helps the affected parties to accept the situation that cannot be changed, but rather managed in a certain way. However, some families may choose to administer Euthanasia, that is mercy killing to the patient to help reduce the suffering, pain and misery that the patient is undergoing and also to eliminate the pain in the family members each time they look at the patient and there is nothing they can do but sympathize. However, with this option, there are legal repercussions and roadblocks that stand in the way and before the family get to administer it, a lot of court room visits will have been made. The manner in which a person handles their losses whether or not they seem signif icant has a great psychological effect, which in turn affects how they lead their lives there after. In the event that one is stuck into the loss or they ignore the feelings then they may pay the price in the long run. Shouldering the weight are the nurses and other medical caregivers who have to inform patients and their families of the impending death or even the death of their loved ones. There are need for skills and capability to perform this critical duty with significant success. Introduction The issue of grief and general reaction of people to an impending death of close member of their families has not been the target of much research in the clinical disciplines. Much of the focus has been on the tangible and measurable aspects of the field. This neglect has been in the backdrop of families as well as patients who are uninformed of ways of coping with the unfamiliar situation. A case in point is the patients who are suffering from terminal illnesses like cancer. The bulk of the nurses and other medical practitioners working with patient who have a limited and specific time to live in hospices and other similar settings have their attention on their patients only and rarely on their significant others who are going through difficulty coping and adjusting to the soon to be loss of their family member and friend. Whereas, it is true that the terminally ill patients suffer the most, the family’s feelings and concerns are not to be ignored. Even when any practitioner, for example a nurse, takes some minutes to explain the situation or just talk to the family and friends of the patient they are hardly patient enough to acknowledge their fears and concerns. Most of them engage in what Callas, R. (2005) calls ‘masking of feeling.’ This he explains as the act of concluding and prescribing solutions to a troubled person, client or patient before getting to know how they really feel and what it is they need. This for example where a nurse or even a counselor tries to normalize and say things that will make a patient feel better without getting to know why they were feeling bad in the first place. Hughes, P.M (2001) states that a nurse should restrain from offering false comfort for example, saying that everyone has to die or equating the death to a blessing. Problem statement Loss and grief presents the affected people with overwhelming anxiety and sadness. It is even worse when the death of the person is predicted as is the case in hospices and ward with terminally ill patients. The family and friends go through desperation and helplessness as they watch the patient probably experiencing pain while there is nothing that can be done to help him or make the situation better. According to Wrenn, P. (2007) the anticipation of the death not just by the patient but also his or her family and friends is very distressing and can even lead to depression and other psychopathologies like anxiety and adjustment disorders. When going through grief, people can experience a series of physical problems including shortness of breath or even difficulty breathing, headaches, dizziness and nausea. Grief can also escalate causing medical conditions like heart diseases and diabetes. As a way of coping, most people may try to medicate the negative feelings by engaging in sedat ive alcohol substance abuse which may be detrimental to their health. Melnyk, B.M. (2005), states that encountering grief while working in the field of medicine is almost unavoidable. It is an issue that most nurses and even doctors ignore only to be caught unawares when they have to explain to their patient or their families that they have limited time to live. It is even worse when they have to report to the family that the patient is dead. This issue becomes a problem where the medical practitioners are not well equipped or knowledgeable enough to take their terminally ill patients or the family through the process of grieving. According to Callas, R. (2005), most nurses and even psychologists fail when they try to get quick fixes for the concerns of the grieving persons or try to avoid the subject altogether. This could be due to the fact the persons have not dealt with their own personal grief and thus the issue evokes unpleasant memories. Not dealing with one’s own grie f and loss according to Wrenn, P. (2007) reduces their ability to help others deal with the same and often lead to burnouts and feelings of incompetency. Purpose statement In the light of the mentioned problems and concerns, it is of importance that medical practitioners, especially the help givers like the nurses, are equipped with skills that will enable them to take their clients through the process of grief successfully. Nurses should be recommended to go for regular trainings and refresher courses to ensure that they are thoroughly informed on matters pertaining to grief. It is also necessary that nurses develop an open mind and culture sensitivity because the patients come from different backgrounds with different ways of reacting to the death of their beloved ones. It is meant to help the families to get over their losses and to successfully go through the process of grief and thereafter lead healthy and meaningful lives. The target population in this project is the family and friends of the patients as well as the patients who know that they have a limited or even specified time to live and are therefore going through mourning and grief. The pr oject aims at ascertaining the competence of the caregivers, like nurses, with an attempt to explore how the said competency can be improved. The project will also explore the options and alternatives available to the patients and their relatives that they can utilize to cope with the distress of the mourning process. The main aim is to reduce anxiety, physical and other psychosocial illnesses resulting from grief and loss and eventually reduce the burden and cost of treating the otherwise avoidable illnesses. Question The question to be answered is whether the families of patients with terminal illnesses and those that are bereaved are taken with success through the process of mourning and grief and therefore report less anxiety, physical and other psychosocial illnesses. Among the family members and friends of patients who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses do the skills of the nurses, counselors and other caregivers help in coping with the distress arising from the loss and thus reduce the resultant physical, social and psychological problems? PICO Format: P- Family members and friends of the terminally ill patients; I- Skills and competency of the nurses and other caregivers; C- Options available to the families like joining support groups; O- Reduce the physical, social and psychological problems and the burden of treating them. Literature Review Nurses, counselors and caregivers play a vital role in supporting family members who take care of the terminally ill, infirm or disabled members of their family. The major examples of terminal illnesses that bring stress to the family include cancers, HIV/ AIDS, diabetes, accidents that lead to permanent disability among others. It is a given fact that the families of those with terminal illnesses like mental disorders are greatly affected by the condition of their loved ones. Families exist not only to provide practical help and personal care but also to give emotional support to their relative with a terminal illness. In this case, the affected patient is entirely dependent on the family members, and their well-being is directly related to the nature and quality of the care provided by the caregiver. It is at this point that the caregivers, nurses and also counselors chip in to give some form of support to the family members in this very heavy task. These responsibilities can bring significant levels of stress to the family members to an extent that their normal life is interrupted and replaced with taking care of the terminally ill members of the family. This requires a lot of their time, and of course their life will not just come to an end because they are caring for one of their loved ones. This exercise usually takes a toll on them till they resort to employing the services of nurses and or caregivers, depending on where the patient is being cared for. In the case that the patient is admitted in a hospital ward for the terminally ill or in a hospice, then the responsibility will be rested to the nurses to look after the patient and assist them to live a painless and comfortable life in their last days. As for those terminally ill patients who are based at home and being given home care, this responsibility lies with the family members and in some cases caregivers are employed to perform this. In some cases where the patient is entirely over dependent on the nurses and caregivers, and the workload is just too much, for instance when the patient requires constant attention and vigilance, it can end up affecting their overall quality of life including work, socializing and relationships. Spanning the last few decades, research carried out on the impact of care-giving has led to an improved understanding of this subject including the interventions that make the difference. It has now been shown that developing constructive working relationships with the nurses and caregivers, and considering their needs be they personal, physical, emotional among other basic needs is an essential part of service provision for people with terminal illnesses who require and receive care from their family members. The term ‘Family burden’ has been adopted to bring out the objective and subjective difficulties experienced by family members of people with long-term terminal illnesses. Objective burden are associated with the practical problems experienced by family members such as the disruption of family relationships and responsibilities, constraints in social associations, leisure and work activities, financial difficulties, and also a negative impact on their physical health, including experiencing of burnouts. On the other hand, subjective burdens describes the psychological reactions which family members go through, for instance a feeling of loss, sadness, anxiety and embarrassment in social situations, the stress of coping with disturbing behaviors, and the frustration caused by the changing relationship status. Grief may also be involved. This may be grief for the loss of the patient’s original personality, achievements and contributions, as well as the loss of family lifestyle. Unconscious hostility and anger may also develop in the process without the family members’ knowledge. Professional counselors are trained to work with a person’s normal developmental conflicts, while other mental health professionals generally are trained to diagnose and treat pathology and work with dysfunctional behavior or chronic mental illness according to Nugent (1994). Furthermore, counselors help people with personal, family, social, educational, and career decisions. Duties are dependent upon the individuals being served and the settings in which they work such as school, career, employment, rehabilitation, and mental health. In the case of patients with terminal illnesses, these professional counselors mainly come in to help the patient cope with the newly diagnosed condition and assist them to adapt to their new health condition. However, according to research works carried out by Altekruse and Sexton (1995), and West, et al. (1988/1989), counselors and administrators reported that the main duty of the counselor of the terminally ill was to diagnose and treat. They advice the patients on the do’s and don’ts of their condition and also explain to them the beneficial lifestyles that they should embrace in order to have a good life, or what is left of it. Though in this case, the treatment will not result in patient recovery. They may also need counseling in order to come to terms with the new developments as their lives too will be changed completely. Counselors provide a leeway for the family members to embrace and accept the facts of the situation, and by doing so, they will contribute positively towards the care of the terminally ill family member. Theory Taking care of the terminally ill patients can be quite an uphill task, one that consumes both time and resources of the family. According to Wrenn, P. (2007) the anticipation of the death of a loved family member not just by the patient, but also his or her family and friends is very distressing and can even lead to depression and other psychopathologies like anxiety and adjustment disorders. On the other hand, work can be made much easier by the use of nurses and caregivers to look after the terminally ill. Some of the advantages of this approach to that of family members giving the care is that nurses and care givers are professionally trained for that task. They perform it to their level best and leave no room for relaxation. And since they have no blood relations to the patient, they do not develop a weak heart that sometimes family members do and consequently give up and lose hope at the situation. Nurses keep their calm at all times and are present on call round the clock. Sin ce this is their duty, and that they are paid to give palliative care to the terminally ill, they put in all effort since this is no ordinary occupation. Their highly trained skills and experience can enable them to take care if any arising situation and emergency. Their skills and training help them to diagnose, treat and advise accordingly, both the terminally ill patient and the rest of the family members too. However, these nurses and care givers experience challenges when executing their duties. They may get some form of stress while at work. Therefore, these issues should be addressed in order for them to be highly effective while carrying out their duties. Another aspect of the nurses and caregivers is that they should be adequately trained so that they are well prepared for the task ahead. If not, then they risk doing more damage to the terminally ill patient and their family members than help them during the difficult grieving period. Development of strong ties both with the patient and the rest of the family members is an important task done by the nurses and care givers since they interact most frequently with both parties. In this case, they act as channels for conveying messages and requirements mostly by the terminally ill patient. When things get too much for a family to handle, they resort to application of euthanasia (mercy-killing) or physician –aided suicide. Usually this is done after much deliberations and discussions by the family and the patient, and only used as a last resort in extreme cases. The issue of mercy-killing has implicated several categories of its practices, some may be deemed legal and others illegal, while still others are a subtle combination of any of those categories. In the case of the ambiguous practices of the â€Å"right to die,† legal consequences become indeterminate since the right of an individual to privacy puts little access for state intervention. The issue on â€Å"right to die† has been the subject of strong exchanges of responses between lobby groups from both sides of the ideological benchmark. The pro-life group fiercely raises its battle against any legal means of terminating a life, however hopeless it seems. On the other hand, those that suppor t the â€Å"right to die,† of which conception is â€Å"dying with dignity,† upholds a patient's right to a humane and controlled end their life (Moreno, 1995). Mercy-killing is commonly associated with practices of physician-assisted suicide. But this perception is just part of a larger picture. The difference between the two is the means with which both are carried out (Neeley, 1995). In most countries, practices of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have been deemed illegal. However, in some countries like Netherlands, Belgium, and some countries in East Asia, these practices are acceptable (Moreno, 1995). Proposed Solution Social support is a very complex aspect when it comes to handling grief. It consists of a variety of components in itself. Social networks, supportive environment are some of the components. Lack of social support can lead to negative mourning outcomes. It is both a health risk factor and a bereavement risk factor (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). According to Kayiwa and Mathews (2005), normal grief needs intervention. It gives rise to emotional reactions that include shock, disbelief and denial that occurs after death. A spectrum of interventions that cover prevention and treatment to long term maintenance care should be provided. Preventive measures should target all persons associated with the death, persons with known risk factors and people who experience symptoms for distress (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). Formal treatment should be provided for those people experiencing pathological grief complications. The time limited approach may also be used as a solution. It lasts for nine to eighteen months and covers four to ninety minutes per session. It identifies families that face risk of poor outcomes. It focuses on improving communication, and conflict resolution. It puts effort to strengthen family solidarity (Santrock, 2007). Maintenance care as a form of support is recommended for people experiencing chronic grief reactions. Psychosocial treatment may be offered for complicated grief through diagnostic criterion. This involves exposure that is followed by cognitive restructure then exposure therapy and lastly supportive counseling (Santrock, 2007). There is an extensive literature that defines and measures dependent and independent variable. The implementation should take effect when the death of a loved one is reported. Implementation Plan The implementation process starts from observing whether the members of the bereaved family have been affected by grief. People are different and their response to bad news or disaster differs. Some people respond quickly and often at the very time they learn of the death of a loved one. Others respond slowly to the effect of the news. The grief may affect the latter group after the burial and even several days after that. The impact of the grief is another factor that requires keen observation. Some people are greatly impacted by the news that they develop grief at that moment in time. These kinds of people can pass out for some time. Other people take the impacts and go through them with ease. This is especially for people who may have lost a couple of other people before including some of their loved ones in their lives. They may seem not to be disturbed by the loss of a loved one but actually it has affected them (Santrock, 2007). Observation helps to identify the members of the family that may have been adversely affected by the death. It also helps identify the way the death has impacted them. This may help in identifying how much grief one is facing and to what extent (Chesser, 2010). After observation, one should identify the appropriate support intervention measures. Different support intervention measures are given depending on the impact of the death of a loved one. There are members of the family who will suffer mild grief and there are those who will suffer complex and complicated pathological grief. Those who suffer mild grief are supposed to be given support measures that are not intense as those with complex and pathological grief. Identification will entail choosing the right support intervention and the resources that will come handy with the support (Chesser, 2010). According to Chesser, after identification, implementation is done. Implementation involves the actual offering of the support. When implementing the support measures each individual must be taken as an entity. There are those who may require company, encouragement and assurance that life will go on even after the losing a loved one. These are the people who may have common grief. People who require intensive support measures are those that have complicated pathological and complex grief (Chesser, 2010). The news of the death of a loved one may have interfered with the normal functioning of their brain thus interfering with their emotions and socialization with other people. They may need serious counseling, therapy and medication. These people may need to be taken to hospital for a certain period of time or just remain at home and be treated from there. The resources that will be needed when implementing the help strategy are several. Money may be needed to buy materials to be used in the entire process and to cater for transportation purposes if ne ed for traveling to the hospital arises. The counselor, therapist, social worker and medics may be required to offer their help especially for people who have suffered complex and pathological grief. When the implementation process is done evaluation has to take place. Evaluation is very important in the process of offering support to people who are suffering with grief. Evaluation is important as it shows the relevance and progress of the support intervention. There are two forms of intervention namely, formative and summative. Formative evaluation is done at the beginning, in and during the support intervention process. The importance of formative evaluation is that it identifies the weakness of the patient at the beginning of the support process. It also tells whether the support intervention measures are creating a change or not. In the event that the support does not bring about any change, formative evaluation helps in modifying or changing the intervention for better results (Chesser, 2010). Summative evaluation is done at the end of the entire process to ascertain whether the support process has yielded any results. It helps to indicate whether the support has helped the individual or has done nothing. There are several resources that can b e used in the evaluation process. Questionnaires are used to interview the members the affected person’s family about the changes that have occurred. Mental screening tools can be used to screen the mind of an individual who may have gone mad when he was grieved. This may be done to see if the person is responding to the support intervention (Chesser, 2010). The legal concepts underlying the issue on mercy-killing include an intricate variety of concepts, some are distinct and some ambiguous. Some instances include the hastening patient’s death by withdrawal of medical intervention (passive euthanasia), providing them with the means to commit suicide (assisted suicide), intentional killing of a patient (active euthanasia), or accelerating the process of death by providing the patient with comfort care (palliative care). An ambiguous category of â€Å"right to die† is the physician-assisted suicide, which could be construed to be an overlap of assisted suicide and active euthanasia in which the participation of a licensed physician is active (Neeley, 1995). In any case, legal consequences following the exercise of mercy-killing may vary drastically. Some states have no established rules with regards to it; some may violate statutes; some may lead to confinement; some are legal; and some are constitutional. But the issue on t he legality or morality of these practices involves also the level of medical situation of a patient, whether a terminal illness is the basis of the decision or another level of pain, deteriorating quality of living, or a mental suffering. Some proponents find little distinction amongst these exercises of the â€Å"right to die† (Moreno, 1995). But it often results in abuses of discretion and goes beyond societal and moral concerns, hence a need to establish a distinction amongst them in every situation where relevant decisions are crucial. Dissemination Plan Either a Subjective Intent Test or Objective test was applied. Under the subjective intent test, a patient's desire is discerned through any of the following; written documents which may include, but not limited to, Living Will, advance medical directives, or power of attorney; an oral statement; records of the patient's past behavioral patterns; and discernment of the patient's choice had he/she been aware of his/her prognosis. Many courts had ruled to give way to the wish of a patient to stop having the indefinite use of life-sustaining medical technology (Wennberg, 1989). In the Objective Test Objective test the patient's condition may justify the withdrawal of medical care. However, the possibility that an abuse and oppression may transcribe should compel the courts to give meticulous them. Some lower courts, therefore, have resorted to discerning what medical treatment a patient may choose had they been aware of their prognosis based upon the details of the present condition. Un der objective test are two standards to be used when a patient had not left a clear indication as to his/her preferences. One is the â€Å"limited objective test,† under which the life-sustaining equipment may be withdrawn when trustworthy evidence shows that the patient would really have opted to refuse medical treatment (Moreno, 1995). The other one is the â€Å"purely objective test,† in which the medical treatment causes the recurrence of severe pain to the extent that continued administering of the life-sustaining treatment could be inhumane. Since objective test is invoked only when there is no indication of any subjective intent, it is does not overly cause burden upon the right of the patient to refuse treatment. It remains in question whether objective intent test answers attentively to the desires of the patient or instead bypasses the need for an expressed desire of the patient, which applies to the desires of the guardians, physician, or the court. Some implications in the recent cases having to do with â€Å"right to die† suggest that the state may provide strict ruling that only â€Å"competent† expressions of the desire to refuse medical treatment may given the credit. This provision prohibits a minor or a mentally incompetent patient to exercise his/her right to refuse medical treatment. But in some states, variations in the objective test could give permission to such individuals to exercise their right to refuse medical treatment. In cases where incompetent patients explicitly express their desire to withhold a treatment, denial of the right may be deemed a violation against the Equal Protection (Wennberg, 1989). Conclusion/ Summary The diagnosis of a family member with a terminal illness such as diabetes, Cancer and HIV/ AIDS can bring grief to the other family members including the patient. Worse still is when the other family members have to cope with the news that one of their loved one has departed. In such cases, the family members have to find ways of dealing eith the grief that has arisen from these occurrences. In the case of diagnosis with terminal illnesses, the patient and family members have to find ways of making the patient comfortable and a less painful remaining life on earth. And for this, they need all the support they can get. Support given to the grieving should be handled with great care and attention. People receive information differently and the information affects them in different ways. Therefore support services must be chosen carefully and ensured that they are relevant to the person who needs them. The implementation procedure must be carried out gradually letting the person regain their normalcy smoothly. Discussions over euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have always raised disputes between those that oppose and support these two examples of how to exercise the â€Å"right to die.† A life full of unendurable pain may compel those whose loved ones suffer it to think thoroughly whether the patient should have the â€Å"right to die,† yet that question may remain unanswered. The doubt on the exercise of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide lies primarily on the fear that there might be some discrepancies in the decision-making of when and how it should be carried out. Some may ask as to the appropriate condition of the patient to give consent to â€Å"right to die.† Some may question the magnitude of pain an unresponsive patient feels to make it a basis to end his/her life through physician suicide. Perhaps, the best consideration is the accurate, if not approximate, determination of how much pain a patient feels. Despite all these, a suitable way has to be found of caring for the patient, a way that is within the reach of the family and that will be very helpful to both the patient and the family members alike. The family may therefore opt to choose from the above discussed options namely home care, hospice care, euthanasia or even physician-assisted suicide, whichever they may deem fit for their condition. References Altekruse, M. K. Sexton, T. L. (Eds.). (1995). Mental health counseling in the 90's: A research report for training and practice (1st ed.). Tampa: The National Commission for Mental Health Counseling. Callas, R. (2005) Dying and Grieving, Life Span and Perspectives. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. Chesser, B. (2010). Seven Steps for Handling Grief: New York, Sunstone press. D., Hosie, T. W., Mackey, J. A. (1988). The counselor's role in mental health: An evaluation. Counselor Education and Supervision, 27(3), 233-239. Hughes, P.M. (2001). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. New York: Ronald press. West, J. Kayiwa, K. Mathews, Z. (2005). Face to Face with Grief: New York, Lulu Publisher. Melnyk, B.M. (2005). Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Moreno, J. (1995) Arguing Euthanasia: The Controversy Over Mercy Killing, Assisted Suicide, And The "Right To Die". Touchstone. Neeley, G S (1995) The Right to Self Directed Death: Reconsidering an Ancient Proscription Catholic Law 35, 111. Santrock, J. (2007). A Tropical Approach to Life Span Development: New York, McGraw Hill Publisher. Strauss, S. E. (2005). Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach. New York: Churchill Livingstone Wennberg, R. (1989) Terminal Choices: Euthanasia, Suicide, and the Right to Die. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 210. Wrenn, P. (2007). Coping with Loss and Grief. London: Routledge.    AppendixDefinition of Terms Euthanasia - involves the intentional killing of a patient suffering from a severe malady for the purpose of ending such. Also referred to as Mercy-Killing. Physician-assisted suicide - involves supplying the patient with any means to hasten their death without actually killing them. Research survey A survey will be carried out in respect of this research. The total sample will involve 300 participants with terminal illness. The data for the survey will be measured, recorded and analyzed in a representative sample, which will be selected out of total population of . One patient with terminal illness and one with curable disease will be administered a specific program and the same will be implemented to the rest of the sample population. Following the completion of this project, the groups from different scale of illness will be compared with other classes of another scale. When a patient is comatose or in any way incapable of making one's own decision with regards to medical care, the role of others on behalf of the physically and legally incompetent individual, may the second party be a family member or otherwise, adds complications to the exercise of the â€Å"right to die.† The courts have adopted different standards to address the problems of comprehending the desire of an unresponsive patient for a medical treatment.

Essay on Language Variation

Essay on Language Variation Essay on Language Variation Introduction The following conversation is between Andy an American businessman doing business in London and Carter a British native based in London. The two men are based in the insurance industry. The conversation will be used to differentiate between the American and British language. The readers of the conversation will be in a position to understand various language components. The idea behind the conversation is to understand the importance of linguistic variations. Andy: what is the main factor affecting insurance business in the United Kingdom? Carter: The market viability determines the level of insurance penetration. This is manifested by the manner in which the market operates in the long run. A good example is a smaller and larger market size. A smaller market segment implies that the insurance business will not thrive to the maximum. Insurance is all about numbers and understanding how to make adjustments within the course of operations. It should be noted that other factors determine the penetration mechanism. This is an indication that a bigger market size would be better suited to encourage the growth of insurance. Andy: There is a lot of stuff going on within the insurance sector in the United Kingdom. From my point of view, I think the insurance industry in the United Kingdom is undergoing a different phase as compared to the American market. It is clear that the UK market is undergoing a series of changes aimed at making the industry viable. This is evidenced by the manner in which the industry is undergoing challenges. Unlike the American market, the British market is still on the phase of adapting to the changing environment. This means that the level of insurance penetration is minimal as compared to the situation in the United States. Carter: A rough analysis of the American market indicates that the American market is ahead of the British market. As mentioned in the previous section, the American market is stable and more developed as compared to the British market. The American market has undergone numerous developmental phases before the British market. This implies that the American market has integrated the ideals of a stable industry. The American market has consolidated important market components. This has consequently led to a situation where the market dimension of the American market is stable and comprehensive as compared to the British market. Andy: As an operator in the insurance industry, I must admit that the insurance industry in the United States operates on a different platform as compared to the situation in Britain. The American insurance industry is composed of regulatory frameworks and other market components which consolidate the sector. Time and again, the American market has been involved in turbulent times. This implies that the sector has developed after years of repair. The above explanation is an indication that the American market is miles ahead of the British market. The British market has to develop numerous tools required for operation before reaching the level attained by the American market. Carter: I support the assertion that the American market is consolidated as compared to the British market. The British market is less developed as compared to the American market. The American market has been developed after years of making changes. The changes made in the American insurance sector have been instrumental in terms of leveraging the market. This was a step in the right direction. Linguistic variables The linguistic variables used in the conversation have been instrumental in terms of differentiating between the British and American language. From the conversation, it is clear that variables are vital in terms of determining various components of a given language. The approach used in presenting the linguistic variables has gone a long way in terms of giving each language the required consolidation. The linguistic approach used in both approaches is manifested by the manner in which words have been interchanged. It should be noted that the American and British language differ in meaning and pronunciation. The pronunciation used in the British language is different as compared to pronunciation in the American accent. The extent of pronunciation is explained from the perspective of vowels used. For example, a word with the same meaning could be used in the American and British accent. In the paper, the pronunciation could be similar, but the difference is noted when it comes to pronunciation. The mode of pronunciation is evident between the conversation of Andy and Carter. Carter is fond of using British accent in words and explanation. The mode of using the English language is based on the environment in which the person lives. The conversation between Andy and Carter is an indication that the environment determines the language selection of a person. The environmental aspect has affected the linguistic tone used by Andy and Carter. From the conversation, it is crystal clear that vowels determine the language aptitude adopted by an individual. The vowel variation has played an important role in determining the language selection used by both speakers. It should be noted that vowels have played a major role in terms of differentiating between the American and English language. From an expertise point of view, vowel variation speaks volumes about the language tone used. In addition, the language tone is dependent on the manner in which vowels are arranged. Lexicons The lexical arrangement used in the British and American accent is another component that can be used for analysis. The lexicon approach used in the British accent is advanced as compared to the American accent. The American accent is composed of simple lexical arrangements as compared to the British accent. The British accent has more lexical arrangements. They are intertwined with vowels. The mixture of lexicons and vowels is the main distinguishing aspect between the American and English accent. Lexicons like vowels determine the extent of tone variation. The tone variation attained from lexicons is an important component of language selection. Vowels The vowel arrangement has a way with determining the language variation used. A good example is the American and British language. The vowel arrangement used in English is different as compared to vowel arrangement in the American accent. The American accent has a different vowel arrangement as compared to the British accent. For example, the British accent has a mixture of vowels within a sentence. The British accent has a mixture of vowels. The vowel mixture within the British language has been phenomenal. As mentioned in the previous section, the vowel variation in a sentence determines the overall meaning. This is to mean that vowel variation creates a difference in language selection. The language selection is determined by vowels. If you need a professional paper writing service to order custom essays online from, visit our company .

U.S. Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Government - Research Paper Example The paper also examines three reasons for continuing federalism and its current form in the United States. In addition, the paper looks into the controversy of appointing people in the federal bureaucracy. Lastly, the paper will discuss the reasons why the U.S. has representative democracy over federal democracy on the federal level. What are the benefits of a two-party system in U.S. politics? What are the benefits of third parties in this system, if any? The political system in the United States entails two parties dominating during voting in elections and each level of government. The two-party system in the United States politics has several benefits, which forms the basis for the advantages accrued from such a system. One of the benefits of the two-party system in the United States is that it encourages and leads to political stability. The two political parties strive towards finding a common position that would be of benefit to the whole country. The system of two-party system leads to widespread agreements between the legislators, which eventually leads to political stability (Bertlastsky, 2010). According to Bertlastsky (2010), another benefit derived from the two-party system in the United States includes ease of governance. This emanates from the fact that such a system leads to a lot of harmonious existence between the two parties. As a result, legislators have the opportunity to participate in issues of governance and activities of the government. The two-party system is also beneficial as it leads to simplicity in the voting process; through such a system, voting becomes an easy affair in the United States. This is because there exist no complexities when the voter wants to make a choice between the parties. As opposed to a multi-party system, voting in a two-party system takes place fast since voters choose from a list of few candidates. The two-party system also lowers the rate of corruption in the United States. This emanates from the belief that leaders should think about the people who they represent. Failure to represent the will of the majority can make the electorate vote for the rival party in the next elections. Apart from the benefits of a two-party system, some benefits can also be derived from the inclusion of third parties in this system. Third parties give the electorate a variety of choices from where they can choose especially if the voters have expressed dissatisfaction with the parties in a two party system. Third parties also encourage sound governance since they promote transparency through regular critique of the government (Bertlastsky, 2010). Reasons for the Continuing Federalism and its Current form in the United States According to Holdsted t (2006), politics in the United States is based on Federalism, which gives both the executive and the states some powers. The constitution of America expresses significant belief in Federalism as a way of governing the United States. Under Federalism, the American constitution divides power between regional government and the Central government. Changes in the constitution have to be agreed upon by these two factions of the government. There are several factors that have contributed to continuing federalism, and they explain why federalism is deeply rooted in the U.S. system. One of the reasons that explain continuing federalism encompasses the practice of pragmatism. Federalism has proved to be highly